Overcoming Antenna Design Challenges in 6G Wireless Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22111407Keywords:
6G Antenna System Challenges, Massive Antenna Arrays, Sub-Terahertz And Terahertz Frequencies, High-Frequency Path Loss, Narrow Beamwidth Effects, Holographic Communication Use Cases, Holographic Telepresence Systems, Ultra-High Data Rate Requirements, AI-Driven Wireless Systems, Compact And Lightweight Antenna Design, Wide Beam Steering Angle, Wideband Antenna Operation, Beam Squint Reduction, Energy-Efficient Antenna Systems, Low-Cost Antenna Manufacturing, Link Budget Optimization, Non-Line-Of-Sight Communication, Beam Steering Speed Requirements, High-Mobility Wireless Environments, Urban Rural And Indoor Deployment Scenarios.Abstract
The 6G wireless systems present a various set of antenna system challenges. These challenge exist due to the huge number of antennas, the frequency range and the need to support many diverse environment such as Urban, Rural, Indoor and High mobility. Emerging use cases such as holographic communication, holographic telepresence, ultra-high data rate communications, and AI in the loop are driving radically new sets of requirements. The antennas are likely to operate at higher frequencies and designed to be smaller, thinner, lighter, cheaper and more efficient while maintaining the same optical aperture for improved link gain. Other requirements such as wider steering angle and wider frequency band with less beam squint and lower power consumption become critical constraints during designing. Beside these, low cost of production and energy conscious handling become an important factor to be considered during antennas development. The above factors along with electrical performance of the antennas play a key role for next generation design.
The very high frequency range typically higher than 100 GHz suffer because of possibility of very high path loss combined with the narrow beam width. Therefore a stringent link budget accounting for these path loss are particularly important for design of antennas at high frequency band. Another challenge that must be taken into account is the limited ability of these millimetric range signals to penetrate blocking objects such as window reflection, wall penetration etc. where in case of non-line of sight the antenna systems have a higher dependability on beam steering angle and speed.
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